Kodak and Fujifilm Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Kodak and Fujifilm - Research Paper Example Kodak, however, would retreat into 327th in the year 2011, filing for chapter 11 bankruptcy protections in 2012. Kodak’s failure to adapt to the digital age was cited as a major cause for this. However, Kodak had invented the first digital camera in 1975 and aggressively immersed itself into this new business, promoting M&A, but was unable to use the strategies for profit. Kodak began struggling with numerous problems from the late 70s; this included the challenge brought by the instant camera and increased competition in the Polaroid camera with Fujifilm. While a succession of CEOs attempted to deal with these problems in order to improve the company’s business, they were largely unsuccessful (Elkins, 2011). This can be explained by Clayton Christensen’s â€Å"innovator’s dilemma†. Fujifilm Co. Ltd. began, on the other hand, as a producer of cinematic film and grew into a manufacturer and marketer of information and imaging products. It grew into t he largest photographic filmmaker for the Japanese market and competed with Eastman Kodak for market share on the global stage. Fujifilm, on top of pushing a variety of still camera film, color paper, photo-finishing equipment, motion picture film, and color paper chemicals, also entered the digital sphere, making flat panel display materials, medical imaging products, media for digital recording, office printers and copiers, as well as digital cameras (Elkins, 2011). They derived approximately a half of their revenues from Japan with 20% in North America, 14% in the rest of the Asia-Pacific region and another 14% in Africa (Elkins, 2011). However, the company’s focus diversified greatly from negatives, with its imaging solutions unit being the smallest. Its photographic paper chemicals, photofinishing equipment, digital cameras, as well as photographic papers and films, are its biggest investment in the last 20 years. The main business in Fujifilm that accounts for over 40% of sales includes; information related services and products as well as document operations. Its document business involves a joint venture with Xerox to offer printers, copy machines, and production services. Its information unit handles flat panel and optical display components, recording media, large scale printing, and medical imaging (Elkins, 2011). Comparing and contrasting the approach to management that each company has pursued in order to embrace innovation. Kodak faced criticism for its slow response to the digital age because of a conservative culture, coupled to a complacent monopolist nature that affected its ability to embrace its own innovations, like the digital camera that it invented in the mid-70s (Baron, 2010). Clay Chandler, the CEO at that time promoted a culture of innovative diversification. However, CEOs that came after him denied the policy and did away with many promising ventures for the future by taking to resource selection and concentration. By stickin g to film, they ignored the innovation of digital printers and cameras, categorizing itself as an imaging company. The main reason that Kodak faced bankruptcy had to do with its concentration on narrow business field that prevented it from developing on innovations (Baron, 2010). Fujifilm, in many aspects, had a common business trajectory to Kodak on its founding. However, the major changes that came with the digital age and the dangers portended by this innovation to the film industry saw Fujifilm attempt to find new businesses, especially as it was vertically oriented,

Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor Essay Example for Free

Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor Essay Recently the spotlight has been set on renewable energies to assist with weaning off of greenhouse gas emissions, solving issues with energy independence, and to exploit their inherent renewability. Unfortunately our technology is not quite up to speed economically with our wish to rely completely on renewable energy, thus many non- renewable energies are recognized as viable options to power our economy (Fraser, 2011). The United States current position on diversifying with non-renewables onsists of oil, natural gas, coal, and the less spoken of, nuclear power. Nuclear power is the process by which a reactor contains a slow explosion called fission, which gives Offa positive net amount of energy that can be harvested. Of course the social stigma around nuclear is so strong that even if there were an undiscovered completely safe type of nuclear power plant, Justifying the complex science would be challenging. After events such as Fukushima, Chernobyl, and Three Mile Island, the vast majority of society believes nuclear energy is nothing more than a death wish. Contrary to popular belief, a safer alternative in nuclear energy has been discovered and has been gaining popularity over the past few years despite the recent tragedy in Japan (Sorensen, 2011). Though newly rekindled, the non-mainstream nuclear power known as Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) was discovered in the 1960s and had been proved to be a very attractive option to the more popular Light Water Reactor (LWR). It all began with nuclear physicist Alvin Weinberg, who would graduate from the University of Chicago soon become research director at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Weinberg was given the freedom to experiment with designing multiple types of nuclear reactors including the prominent LWRs that are in commercial use today. Subsequently Weinberg had noted the potential danger of a LWR and moved on to designing a safer nuclear power technology that he would end up supporting for the rest of his life. His research team at ORNL created a fluid fuel in a MSR, opposed to the traditional solid fuel in LWRs, in order to decrease the pressure and overall danger of the system. To Weinbergs delight, although this rototype MSR had corrosive issues because of the salt involved, Weinberg deemed this technology far more superior to LWR. Furthermore, the worst part about current hatred for LWRs is that although it can be a dangerous process, the technology is revolutionary and its power has potential that we are seriously unaware of. For now with our current state of knowledge about nuclear power combined with our worlds predicament with how we generate power so ineffectively, MSRs must be and should have always been the governments number one priority (Sorensen, 2011). This pecific type of nuclear reactor is certainly on the minds of at least China, India, Brazil, Indonesia, South Korea, and Australia (Furukawa, 2008). Since these countries showed interest at least by 2008 it can be assumed that they are already in the process of construction. An example for our worst-case scenario would be for the United States to simply stand back and watch as the rest ot the world capi talizes on the best power generating technology known to man. A technology that of course the United States developed and had in operation fifty years ago, but the idea simply aded away. As the majority of the US would like to go green, it may not be too early to claim the MSR as green nuclear power. Nuclear reactors do not emit greenhouse gases taking care of one of the three major concerns with the future of energy. Though observing an entire life cycle of Thorium and materials to make the power plant, there are transportation emissions involved. It turns out however, that Thorium is extremely accessible in the US as it is already mined concurrently with other rare earth minerals but is typically discarded for lack of utility. The United States has omewhere in the order of 15% of the worlds total Thorium stockpile at around 15 million tons (Bonometti, 2008). Even if we were to run out of Thorium, the Moon has even greater amounts that by the time we begin to hit peak Thorium it will surely be so far in the future that extracting moon materials would not be a challenge. As an investor this further assures a safe bet, but what is so safe about the LFTR design is that a meltdown or explosion is so much more unlikely to occur than in LWR systems. Since the carrier of thorium is a liquid, liquid fluoride, it allows standard pressure at igh temperatures. Traditionally, in LWR, water had to cool down the solid fuel since it couldnt handle the high temperatures because of high pressure, which had always been a fine line behind meltdowns (Sorensen, 2011). In the LFTR, the system can naturally correct an over heated system by melting a frozen salt plug at the base of the system to enter into an emergency cooling tank. If LFTR technology has already been proved, proved to be safe, proved to be powerful, and proved to be available and cheap, then why doesnt the world run on it? The technology itself seems to be a it mysterious itself or maybe doubtful since it has already been ignored once before. What it comes down to is the timescale that nuclear reactors had been created. Back at Oak Ridge Laboratory where Weinberg had designed nuclear power he first designed the LWR, which happened to be more dangerous, but nevertheless reported his results. Quickly academics and politicians alike were astounded by the amount of power that could be generated through nuclear fission. Academics such as Weinberg understood the dangerous design of the LWR and proceeded to design afer alternatives, hence the MSR. Politicians on the other hand, had deadlines to meet, people to please, Jobs to create, and the LWR went commercial. There is even a specific phone call between President Nixon and a California LWR director expressing swift actions to commercialize the technology before elections (Sorensen, 2011). As Weinberg fought the Nixon administration to stop continuing with LWRs he was soon fired from the Oak Ridge Lab and so did the MSR department. Thus many scientists have since seen and admired his work and have finally had reason to express its arious benefits once the inevitable failures of LWR ensued, for example, Fukushima. In addition, it is important to note how resultant issues with LWR nuclear plants in the past have all been due to the intrinsic difficulty with handling a solid fuel at its required high pressure for fission to take place. In other words, none of those accidents would have happened if they would have simply listened to their founder, Weinberg, and chose to go with an MSR design. As the public is informed with this somewhat difficult science I imagine it will take about as long to understand the itterence in types ot nuclear reactors as it did tor the majority ot the population to understand the science behind the greenhouse effect. This is based on the fact that the same oil and coal industries will be threatened along with ill-educated environmentalists who will viciously support only renewable energy.

Four Functions Of Management At Fedex

Four Functions Of Management At Fedex Originally FedEx Corporation is recognized as FDX Corporation. It is a well-known logistics services company. The company was founded in the United States in 1971. FedEx furnishes customers and businesses all over the world with an all-inclusive portfolio of transportation, e-commerce and business services (About FedEx, 2010). The company offer incorporated business applications through functioning companies competing conjointly and managed collaboratively, under the well-thought-of FedEx brand. FedEx had attained significant position among the worlds most accepted and committed employers. It operates with more than 275,000 employees and contractors. It motivates all its employees and contractors to remain perfectly, positively concentrated on safety, the highest ethical and practised measures and the demands of their customers and communities. The company operates all over the world with its following segments: FedEx Express: This segment of the company offers numerous shipping services for the deliverance of packages and freight. FedEx Ground: This segment of the company offers business and residential ground package delivery services. FedEx Freight: This segment extends less-than-truckload freight services, as well as shipment carrier services. FedEx Services: This segment of the company offers sales, marketing, information technology support, customer service support, document solutions and business services and many other advanced services (FedEx Corporation, 2010). The significant functions of management that managers at all the levels of FedEx perform in order to achieve its organizational objectives, are as follows: Planning: This function of management is the conscious determination of future course of action. This involves why an action, what action, how to take action and when to take action. Thus, planning includes determination of specific objectives, determining projects and programs, setting policies and strategies, setting rules and procedures and preparing budgets. Organizing: Another significant function of FedEx management is organizing. Organizing is the process of dividing work into convenient tasks or duties, grouping such duties in the form of positions, grouping of various positions into departments and sections, assigning duties to individual positions, and delegating authority to each position so that the work is carried out as planned (Montana Charnov, 2000). Leading: The nest crucial function of management is leading. In this function of management a proper direction is determined by the company managers that help the employees in the proper understanding of their role to attain the goals and targets effectively. Leading is the process of influencing the behaviour of others to work willingly and enthusiastically for achieving predetermined goals. Controlling: The last significant function of management is controlling. This function involves identification of actual results, comparison of actual results with expected results as set by planning process, identification of deviation between the two, if any, and taking of corrective action so that actual results match with expected results (Harris Hartman, 2001). It brings to light all bottlenecks in work performance and fulfils the needs of the situation. Globalisations and its Impact on FedEx four Functions of Management Globalization is a procedure of interaction and compounding among the people, companies and governments of diverse nations. It is a procedure determined by international trade and investment and assisted by international technology. This procedure has its consequences on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity and as well as on the human physical well-being in associations all around the world (FedEx and Key Industry Drivers, n.d.). This external factor is making a prominent impact on the operations and functions of management of FedEx. Increasing globalization of its business had make a prominent impact on its planning function of FedEx management as now it had become more complex and requires more crucial analysis of international markets. In addition to this the function of organizing and leading business operations and all resources is also become difficult as now the company involves a diverse workforce and diverse customer base with different needs and demands. The last function of management controlling is also evolved as a difficult task due to the involvement of different type of international risks. Technology and its Impact on FedExs Four Functions of Management Technology is the employment and cognition of tools, proficiencies and crafts. It had made life of human beings more easier as it involves advanced know-hows in the form of tools and techniques. At FedEx emerging technology is playing an increasing role in offering critical information at any point in time about the location of a customers product and the time of delivery (FedEx and Key Industry Drivers, n.d.). With the increasing effect of technology the four functions of FedExs management is significantly affected. With the use of advanced technology, the companys planning and organizing function had been affected greatly as now its planning is done by making use of advanced technology and IT tools. For organizing all its operations and resources the company make use of up-to-date tools and techniques like for giving training to its employees now it make use of electronic sources (Huff, Maher Munro, 2004). Increasing use of technology and electronic means of communication also make a significant impact on companys leading and controlling function of management. With advanced tools and techniques both of these functions of FedExs management had become more easy and effective. E-Business and its Impact on FedExs four Functions of Management E-business is a term that can be used to delineate businesses run on the Internet, or employing Internet technologies to ameliorate the productivity or profitability of a business. In a more universal sense, the term could be used to explain any form of electronic business (Sharif, Ching, Bakri Zakaria, 2005). In present more and more companies are adopting this practice of doing business and similar is the situation with FedEx that is also making use of electronic sources and internet for communicating with its client and doing business. This e-business practice of the company had made tremendous impact on its four functions of management as now company does not have to indulge in complex planning as now it performs all its functions with the help of web, which makes everything simple and speedy (FedEx and Key Industry Drivers, n.d.). The organizing and leading function of management are also affected with this practice of e-business as now company can track performance of its employees and operations through web rather indulging in more formal procedures. The use of web had made everything very easy and quick and now the controlling of business operations had also become very easy. Conclusion With the detailed discussion of company operations and functions of management, it could be said, that the management of all these functions is essential as otherwise it could not direct the company towards its pre-determined goals. With the discussion of globalization, technology and e-business it could be conferred that these entire factors make a prominent impact on companys four functions of management because as time had changed this functions of company management is also changed. The impact of globalization, technology and e-business had advanced these functions in a significant manner, which in turn facilitates FedEx in managing its business.

Physics of Lightning :: lightning physics

Lightning can be defined as a transient, high current electric discharge whose path length is generally measured in kilometers. Lightning occurs when some region of the atmosphere attains an electric charge sufficiently large that the electric fields associated with the charge cause electrical breakdown of the air. However lighting has been reported in snowstorms, sandstorms, in clouds over erupting volcanoes, and been reported to occur in the clear air. Such lightning can take place entirely within a cloud (intra cloud), between two clouds, between cloud and the earth, or between a cloud and the surrounding air. There really aren't differrent 'types' of lightning, almost all lightning discharges occur in basically the same way. However, varying conditions and situations that lightning occurs in make the flash look

Paul Poiret Biography

Name: Paul Poiret [pic] Born April 20, 1879— April 30, 1944 Biography: †¢ Born in Paris to a wealthy family an attended a Catholic lycee. †¢ After school he started an apprenticeship with an umbrella maker, which did not suit him. †¢ In 1896, as a teenager, he began working for Jacques Doucet, a prominent Parisian couturier of the time. †¢ In four years Poiret worked up the ranks to become head of the tailoring department for Jacques Doucet. †¢ Poiret designed for many actresses of the time, while working on the play L'Aiglon, he snuck into a dress rehearsal and his harsh critique of the sets and costumes got him fired from the movie.But, that did not stop actresses from requesting his designs. †¢ Joined the House of Worth in 1901 as an assistant designer, there he deigned clothes in a stark contrast to the opulent garments from Worth; his were more for the everyday woman. While he felt himself that his fellow designers looked down on him for his more simplistic designs, they were commercially very successful. †¢ While at the House of Worth, Poiret designed his first Asian-inspired piece, which was a simple Chinese-style cloak called Confucius.It offended a Russian princess, who though it was too simple, and not grand enough for anybody but peasants to wear. After opening his House of fashion the mandarin-robe-style cloaks were best sellers. †¢ In 1903 he opened his own couture house, in 1909 he relocated to a very large and spectacular location with a parterre garden. †¢ In the October 1908 publication of Les Robes de Paul Poiret, it featured Poiret’s designs using the pochoir method of printing, giving the images brilliantly saturated areas of color. Poiret worked with artist Paul Iribe to achieve this.Who juxtaposed Poiret’s graphically striking clothes to stylishly arranged backgrounds. With this they helped fuse fashion and art even further. †¢ Also, in 1908 Poiret introduced his lean, high-waisted silhouette. Featuring narrow lines, high waists, covered arms, and low decolletes, making the hourglass silhouette passe. †¢ Poiret’s designs removed the corset, which interfered with his narrow lines, and with that many other designers followed and corsets started to become a thing of the past. †¢ The Poiret Rose became a trademark for the designer after a hree-dimensional silk chiffon rose was sewn to the empire bodice of Josephine, one of the 1907 dresses that was featured in Les Robes de Paul Poiret. †¢ While producing his second album of designs, Les Choses de Paul Poiret (1911), Poiret asked artist Georges Lapape for inspiration for a new look. But Mme. Lepape was the one who inspired one of his most iconic designs, the jupe-culotte, with her sketch. †¢ In April of 1911 Poiret opened Martine, named after one of his daughters, which was a school where creativity could flourish and not be stifled by discipline or only being taught one way. Also, in the same year, 1911, the house of Poiret introduced their first fragrance, Rosine, named after another daughter. Poiret was involved in every aspect of the production of the fragrance. He expanded the fragrance to include soaps and lotions, which was then replicated by other designers. †¢ Poiret was a military tailor throughout the war and had to relaunch his business in 1919 after the war was over. †¢ But by 1929 the House was doing poorly and he sold his business, it is due to this that he lost the rights to his name. Poiret passed away on April 28th 1944 from Parkinson’s disease. Signature looks: [pic] [pic] [pic] Significance: Paul Poiret was incredibly significant because he pushed the boundaries on what was then considered fashion. He changed the shape of the femal body with his daring silhouettes. Poiret revolutionized the way fashion photography was done and essentially created editorials. Poiret also is a great example of a â€Å"spirit of the ti mes† with his lavish lifestyle and designs; he very much captured the spirit of the 1910’s and 20’s.Poiret was influenced by many other cultures and would often bring it in to his designs, especially Asian and Persian. The softly ballooning legs, turbans, and tunic effect become Poiret signature looks. Poiret is regarded by many as the first genius of fashion; he himself proclaims that he is the â€Å"King of Fashion† in his autobiography of the same name. He is also the first designer to have come out with a beauty line, which has since set the standard for fashion houses. Signature Looks Today: [pic] [pic] Works Cited †¢ Caroline Milbank, A-Z Fashion, Berg Fashion Library, Berg Publishers, online, 10/21/12.Images Cited †¢ Online Image, Timeless Fashion and Art, 2007, 10/21/12 †¢ Online Image, Sun Sentinel: Fashion and Style, December 15th, 2011. †¢ Online Image, FIDM Museum Blog, FIDM, August 19, 2009 †¢ Online Image, Zappos. com , Zappos, 10/21/12 Online Image, Styleite. com, Styleite Paris Couture Week, July 6th, 2011 ———————– Poiret’s jupe-culotte and tunic, 1913. Poiret’s fragrance, featuring trademark rose. Asian influenced designs, 1913. Modern couture take on Asian-influence fashion. Baggy trouser pants similar to Poiret’s jupe-culotte.

How is Stanhope Represented in the First Two Acts of ‘Journey’s End’?

Stanhope is the captain in command of an infantry company on the front line. Although he is a highly ranked officer, Stanhope is still only a boy. He has been out in the trenches for nearly three years, (having come straight form school at he age of eighteen) and has commanded his company for a year. The character of Stanhope is fundamental to the play as a whole; we learn this almost straight away as he is spoken about before he appears on stage. The play begins with a conversation between two officers – Osborne and Hardy – and it is from them that the reader gains a first impression of Stanhope. His drink problem is immediately addressed as Hardy asks, ‘Drinking like a fish, as usual? ‘ This presents him in a fairly negative light however; this feeling is soon displaced as Osborne begins to defend him and offers some reasoning as to why Stanhope seeks solace in alcohol. We learn that he is in fact an extremely competent and well respected commander – ‘He's a long way the best company commander we've got' and this point is emphasised in Act two as Raleigh writes in his letter, ‘He's the finest officer in the battalion, and the men simply love him. Sherriff presents Stanhope as hard working, and this is mentioned various times throughout the two acts. Osborne says (when defending him against Hardy) – ‘He's commanded this company or a year – in and out of the front line. He's never had a rest. Other men come over here and go home again ill, and young Stanhope goes on sticking it, month in, month out. ‘ He is precise and meticulous in his duties as captain. When Trotter asks if he can go on duty half an hour later so he can finish his meal Stanhope refuses, unwilling to risk upsetting the schedule. He is also horrified at the state in which Hardy leaves the trenches, commenting that they smell like cess pits; all this adding to the image that Sherriff creates of him as a fine officer. Stanhope is extremely worried about Raleigh's appearance as he is frightened he will write to his sister and tell her what he has become. His quick temper becomes apparent as he demands Raleigh hands his letter over – he shouts, ‘Don't ‘Dennis' me! Stanhope's my name! ‘ and even snaps at Osborne. Raleigh describes an incident at school, ‘I remember once at school he caught some chaps in a study with a bottle of whisky. Lord! the roof nearly blew off. He gave them a dozen each with a cricket stump. ‘ This is ironic considering what Stanhope has become, yet it gives the reader an insight into what he was like before the war and how it has affected him. It quickly becomes apparent that Mason is scared of Stanhope; we see an example of this when Mason accidently gets apricots instead of pineapples – he is extremely concerned about what the captains reaction may be. This further enforces the idea of Stanhope having a short temper. Stanhope has a close relationship with Osborne, much like that of a father and son. Being twice his age, calm and level headed, Osborne is there to look after Stanhope when he gets too ‘tight' or to comfort him when he fears for his sanity. The scene where Osborne tucks Stanhope into bed shows his vulnerability. He is only a boy after all, and this is demonstrated effectively as he says, ‘Yes – I go sleep. ‘ Osborne defends Stanhope against Hardy and says, ‘I love that fellow. I'd go to hell with him. ‘ Stanhope is a deep thinker – ‘It's a habit that's grown on me lately – to look right through things, and on and on – til I get frightened and stop. He see's beneath the surface of things, one of the qualities that make him a fantastic captain. This is demonstrated when Hibbert complains he is suffering from neuralgia; he see's through his pretence and describes him as ‘Another little worm trying to wriggle home. ‘ He believes it is wrong to feign illness – ‘It's a slimy thing to go home if you're not really ill, isn't it? ‘ Despite his disliking for Hibbert, after his initial threat to shoot him he is understanding and comforting, even offering to accompany him on patrol. He has a real sense of decency, evident throughout the two acts. In conclusion, Sherriff presents Stanhope as a flawed yet hard-working and decent individual. Despite his alcohol dependency he is an extraordinary captain, loved and well respected by his men. The reader learns all this through Stanhope's actions, stage directions, what the other characters tell us about him and their responses to him. Sherriff presents him as a tragic hero, troubled and hardened by his experiences.

Diary of a Wimpy Kid, Popular Book Series With Cartoons

Diary of a Wimpy Kid, Popular Book Series With Cartoons The Diary of a Wimpy Kid  series is  a big hit with both boys and girls, ages 8 to 12. Billed as a novel in cartoons, Book One is the diary of protagonist Greg Heffley. (Greg is upfront in wanting readers to know, This is a JOURNAL, not a diary and ...this was MOMs idea, not mine.)  Diary of a Wimpy Kid, with its combination of words and cartoons, is particularly appealing to reluctant readers. Summary of the Story Greg is one of three children. According to Greg, his little brother, Manny, never gets in trouble, even if he really deserves it, and his older brother Rodrick is always getting the best of Greg. In his diary, Greg details his daily activities, starting with the first day of middle school and his warnings to readers about choosing where to sit in class. How does Greg feel about middle school? He thinks its dumb because  You got kids like me who havent hit their growth spurt yet mixed in with these gorillas who need to shave twice a day. Whether its dealing with bullying, his friend Rowley, homework, or family life, Greg is always busy trying to figure out the angle that will make things work out best for him. Author Jeff Kinney does a great job, in words and pictures, of illustrating the general goofiness that comes with being a self-centered adolescent, and the hilarious things that happen as a result. Author and Illustrator Overview Diary of a Wimpy Kid is Jeff Kinneys first book. While a student at the University of Maryland, Kinney had his own comic strip, Igdoof, in the school newspaper. After college, he began writing Diary of a Wimpy Kid and putting it online in daily installments on FunBrain.com. Then, publisher Harry N. Abrams signed Kinney to a multi-book deal to create a Diary of a Wimpy Kid series for the Amulet Books imprint. Despite the success of his books, Kinney has kept his day job working for an Internet publishing company. As far as how much the series is based on his life, Kinney said in an interview. that the books are a mix of his own family stories growing up, but with his own comedic spin on them. Diary of a Wimpy Kid Recommendation The books lined pages, plus Gregs writing and his pen and ink sketches and cartoons, make it seem like an authentic diary which adds greatly to the readers enjoyment and relatability. If you are looking for a book with a main character who is a perfect role model for your child, this isnt it. But if you are looking for a funny book your kids will enjoy and identify with, grab a copy. Diary of a Wimpy Kid  is best suited for tweens and younger teens. (Amulet Books, An Imprint of Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 2007. ISBN: 9780810993136) More Diary of a Wimpy Kid Books As of February 2017, there were eleven books in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid series, including titles like  Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules and Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Last Straw. In addition, if Gregs diary has inspired your kids to try writing and drawing, they will enjoy Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Do-It-Yourself Book, which includes writing and drawing prompts, with lots of space for kids to fill. Sources ComicMix, Interview: Jeff KinneyWimpyKid.com, About the Author

The Awakening essays

The Awakening essays One interesting thing about Edna's suicide is that it was very impromptu. It wasnt as if she had been contemplating it for a while. She just started swimming. Her emotions just swept her away, as did the tide. I dont recall the book ever talking about divorce, though. If this story had taken place in todays society, Edna would have simply divorced her husband, instead of committing suicide. Although the story does state that she loved and respected her husband, by todays standards her staccato and temporal relationship with Robert, in my opinion, would have been enough to make her divorce her husband and try to marry Robert. The divorce rates these days are skyrocketing. With all of the womens rights movements and everything, this story takes on a new meaning in this day and age. The story also shows that divorce was not common during the time that it was written, as it was not mentioned. I'm sure people who got divorced in that time were looked down upon and shunned. Chopin did not want that to happen to her character because you need to have sympathy for Edna in order for her suicide to move you. Also, the character Alcee would have taken on a slightly different role in present times. His audacious behavior towards Edna would be displayed differently, had Edna been a present day woman. She would have probably taken the flirtatious comments and gestures more easily, as present day society is more open than it used to be. But I think the most interesting thing about Ednas suicide was the fact that right before she swam off into oblivion, she felt totally free, which raises an interesting point. Maybe all she wanted to be was free. Divorce, like her suicide, would have freed her from everything. She could have done whatever she wanted after the divorce. So I guess it would have been to her benefit to get a divorce had this been a true to life story. She could have had innoc...

The Evolution of Modern Astronomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Evolution of Modern Astronomy - Essay Example Moreover, it shall focus on a rhetorical analysis of Kepler, Hey and Krupp. There are different modes of expressing information on issues ascribed to astronomy and how this knowledge has been changing from time to time. Different writers and researchers have applied varying modes of communication or language structure to express this information in a manner that creates a great sense of impact. Taking the case of Edward Rosen’s writing that focus on the Three Treaties of Copernicus, Rosen begins by describing different ways through, which different generations made efforts to improve their understanding of the nature of the planetary bodies for instance: He notes that the early ancestors focused on the use of regulatory principles to facilitate their understanding of the celestial bodies, but their efforts were unsuccessful. Rosen goes further and describe the efforts of Callipus and Euxodus that were directed to explain issues ascribed to the celestial spheres, through the use of centric spheres. However, he alludes that this ideology was also unsuccessful. In order to give a real scenario of how the efforts to facilitate the understanding of planetary bodies have changed, he goes further and describes the use of Planetory Theories that were applied Ptolemy, that basically involved the use of data in a numerical dimension. Although, these efforts as depicted by Rosen in his writing, were unsuccessful and thus created the need for more effective methodologies of understanding the celestial bodies. Taking an analysis of Rosen’s work on the Three Treaties of Copernicus, it is evident that he applies the use of examples indicating different ways through, which generations made efforts to understand the natural structure of celestial bodies. Another source of information that has been used to explicit changes in relation to the

Film Critique Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Film Critique - Movie Review Example According to Buhler, et al (2009), full understanding of a drama or a movie calls for analysis of different aspect of the movie. Important analytical areas include a story set-up, use of different literature devices, character and characterization, and symbolic meaning of a story among others. This paper, in effect, analyzes the Wuthering Heights (1939) Film. Background Information Wuthering Heights is a film that reveals how individual’s choices and characters determine various happenings in a person’s life. The film is directed by William Wyler and produced by Samuel Goldwyn. The movie is romantic play that presents two confronting personalities, which are love and hatred. The film is based on an Emily Bronte’s novel, Wuthering Heights, which is also a romantic literature. It, however, depicts only 16 chapters out of 34 chapters of the novel. The romantic play revolves around two main characters, Catherine Earnshaw (Sarita Wooten) and Heathcliff (Laurence Olive r), whose love and affection for one another gradually increases since childhood (Hardy et al, scene 2 2009). The two characters, however, have a staggering relationship because of differences in their social status. Cathy is born in a wealthy family, whereas Heathcliff is a poor stable boy who is pessimistic about his acceptance in a society. Plot Summary and Storytelling The film unfolds in a flashback. The story is narrated by a housekeeper, Ellen Dean, to a stranger Lockwood (Miles Mander) (Sharma, 2010). The house-lady recounts the story to Mr. Lockwood, who takes a shelter at the Wuthering Heights estates. The curtains open by showing a comfortable life Mr. Earnshaw (Cecil Kellaway), a farmer, has with his children, Hindley (Douglas Scott) and Cathy a friendly farmer. The film producer portrays Mr. Earnshaw as a friendly farmer who interacts freely with his family and other people. Being a generous and congenial gentleman, the farmer rescues a street child, Heathcliff. The kid is loved by all members of the Earnshaw’s family except Hindley. The street boy and Cathy soon become intimate friends, a behavior that does not please Hindley. After the demise of Mr. Earnshaw, Hindley expresses his cruel enmity towards Heathcliff and stops him from marrying his sister. Heathcliff gets angry and leaves his â€Å"family.† When the street boy comes back, he finds that Cathy is married to Edgar Linton (David Niven), a rich neighbor (Sharma, 2010). Acting The drama involves many characters, each of whom contributes to plot development and theme illustration. Individual contributions, however, vary from one character to another depending on roles played in the film. According to Bloom (2000), characters in the movie are categorized as active and passive actors. Active actors, whom the story revolves around, are Heathcliff and Cathy. Heathcliff is portrayed as an important actor who, despite his poor background, significantly assists in plot development. B y incorporating the street boy in the Earnshaw’s family the theme of love and selfishness is revealed. The street kid also reveals how certain individual’s have good characters despite being in a society rotten with evil things. The actor, moreover, discloses the theme of revenge and several stylistic devices such as irony. Even though he has a low societal status, he is able to cause

Engineering Environmental Sustainability- Take Home FINAL EXAM Assignment

Engineering Environmental Sustainability- Take Home FINAL EXAM - Assignment Example been subjected to uniform surcharge of 50kPa applied on the surface of soil deposit, which was later removed causing both the sand and clay layers in the current states to be over consolidated. For a 15-m- long, 500-mm drilled shaft and a geometrically identical closed-end steel pipe pile, calculate (a) the shaft capacity due to the clay layer ( divide the clay into ten sub layers of equal thickness in your calculations), (b) The shaft capacity due to the sand layer, (c) the total shaft capacity, (d) the ultimate base capacity, (e)the ultimate load capacity of the pile, (f) the allowable load based on a suitable factor of safety (without consideration of the strength of the pile cross-section), and (g) the allowable load if the compressive strength of the concrete is 15 MPa. Let us first divide the clay layer into 10 sub layers. The current vertical effective stress at each layer and past maximum vertical effective stress for each sub layer can be calculated from given data. The allowable axial load for the drilled shaft from geotechnical consideration is less than the allowable structural load, so, integrity of the cross section is not a concern. Therefore, the final allowable load of drilled shaft is obtained as We can now calculate the fundamental soil properties (undrained shear strength for clay and relative density for the sand layers.) Let us first calculate undrained shear strength of the clay layers. Following

Learning Needs of Diverse Learners and Students with languages other Research Paper

Learning Needs of Diverse Learners and Students with languages other than English - Research Paper Example As part of a collection of comprehensive research into the teaching of ESL, this article is a valuable addition to the literature in the field – its focus on the teacher’s need to reflect constantly on practice and pedagogy is worthwhile 3. Inside the Black Box: Raising Standards through Classroom Assessment by Paul Black and William Dylan (2001) The writers propose that the central element if any improvement in education is to take place is not policy change, or government decree, but the change which is implemented in the classroom – the â€Å"black box† of the title. They then outline a possible method which will effect improvement, and which has been proven to increase output – formative assessment. This article presents a fairly persuasive argument for the advantages of formative assessment as a learning and teaching tool, and even suggests some strategies to use in the implementation of formative assessment techniques in the classroom, and the educational system (in England). The importance of the teacher is stressed, but so is the value of formative assessment strategies such as self-assessment in the building of students’ competence, confidence and motivation. The value of formative assessment in assisting to improve student performance is proven fairly conclusively in the article, and it should be part of the strategy of all teachers. The argument and rhetoric surrounding summative v. formative assessment is ongoing, and this paper does add a measure of good argument and some empirical evidence to the debate. 4. Engaging Minds: Changing Teaching in Complex Times – Second Edition by Brent Davis, Dennis Sumara and Rebecca Luce-Kapler (2008) The writers test the issues surrounding inclusive... The changes required in teachers’ approaches, thoughts and beliefs will be considered in depth in this paper, and some consideration will be given to the practical measures required to address the needs of ESL students, and it will be presumed that the same requirements apply to students with diverse backgrounds and abilities. Also, the dangers of not addressing the individual learning needs of students, as a dominating factor in the system of education will be examined from the perspective of an education system in which diversity and inclusivity are addressed to some degree but in many Australian schools and classrooms, the situation is far from satisfactory. At secondary schools in Australia, the situation sometimes exists in which smaller schools find themselves challenged with primarily a lack of funding for anything other than mainstream schooling. Yet, schools do have to accept enrolments of international students, and indeed even refugee students, as the need arises. Thus, on the level of physical infrastructure, schools are strained to provide something as basic as venues to accommodate for example English Second Language (ESL) students, and such students have to be accommodated in one classroom despite differing levels of English proficiency, and even age differences. Social problems can emerge among students – as radical a condition as racism can develop – and if not addressed, these social problems can be extremely detrimental to students’ learning.

Peer review suggestions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Peer review suggestions - Essay Example Thus, all people require effective care and treatment. However, treatment may be hindered by various factors. One of the major factors is religion. The world has more than a dozen religions with each having different perception and approaches to health. Therefore, nurses need to understand the religious views concerning health before attending to patients. Among the main religious groups in the world are Christianity and Buddhism. Christianity is one of the oldest religions in the world with over 30% of the world’s population being Christians. Christians believe in God and His son Jesus Christ. Christianity has evolved gradually into two major groups; Catholicism and Protestants. However, the beliefs of the two groups are similar despite the differences in worship. Christian views resonate in healthcare and has a direct impact on the health care system. The Christian worldview can be better exposed through the worldview questions. Christians believe that the prime reality is that God exists and omnipresent, omnipotent and omniscient. God has the companionship of the Holy Spirit and the Son, Jesus Christ. All creatures came into being from his will and power; thus, all creatures are obligated to bow and worship him at all times (Shelly & Miller, 2009). Christians believe that the omnipotence of God is enough to heal them of any illnesses. Hence, Christianity has a direct impact on the nursing practice. The holy Bible stipulates that God created the world and everything in it. He created a complex system with a variety of creatures, many of which scientist have not named yet. However, humans have the power to influence the world around with aspects such as pollution and deforestation. God separated us from the sea and put living creatures in both masses. It follows that God controls the world. The orderly nature of the world, ecosystems, and natural environment prove that they must have

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

International Business - Essay Example al flaws of the gold standards during the world war one and policy responses by various economies that led to unpredictable international monetary contraction and deflation. In essence, the tying of countries’ money to gold is noted as directly responsible for the onset of the great depression, for example, Hubbard (1991) notes that countries which abandoned the gold standards earlier enough recovered from the great depression comparative to those that remained on gold. Hubbard, (1991) attributes the collapse of the gold standard to its mismanagement by global financial stakeholders during the interwar period most specifically, the 1920s and the 1930s. They establish that after the World War I, the redrawing of international boundaries limited free circulation of both real bills and consumer goods leading to the distortion of the gold standards. This led to the scuttling of the bill market and the ultimate government control of foreign trade in consumer goods favored due to political rather than economic interests thereby leading to a large scale collapse of the gold standards. According to Hubbard, (1991), the gold standard also collapsed as a result of sabotage by countries during the interwar period rather than the general belief that it collapsed due to its inner contradictions. Additionally, banking panics in the 1939s initiated by deflation which was imposed by the gold standard interfered with the normal flows of credit thereby negatively af fecting the performance of the real economy. Researches indicate that there have been repeated calls for policy considerations for a return to the gold standard due to the growing disillusionment with the presently favored politically controlled monetary policy. The case presented by proponents is that budget deficits and massive federal borrowings would be difficult to finance under the gold standard. They note that at present, the paper money system poses a number of problems hence various treasuries and

Learning Needs of Diverse Learners and Students with languages other Research Paper

Learning Needs of Diverse Learners and Students with languages other than English - Research Paper Example As part of a collection of comprehensive research into the teaching of ESL, this article is a valuable addition to the literature in the field – its focus on the teacher’s need to reflect constantly on practice and pedagogy is worthwhile 3. Inside the Black Box: Raising Standards through Classroom Assessment by Paul Black and William Dylan (2001) The writers propose that the central element if any improvement in education is to take place is not policy change, or government decree, but the change which is implemented in the classroom – the â€Å"black box† of the title. They then outline a possible method which will effect improvement, and which has been proven to increase output – formative assessment. This article presents a fairly persuasive argument for the advantages of formative assessment as a learning and teaching tool, and even suggests some strategies to use in the implementation of formative assessment techniques in the classroom, and the educational system (in England). The importance of the teacher is stressed, but so is the value of formative assessment strategies such as self-assessment in the building of students’ competence, confidence and motivation. The value of formative assessment in assisting to improve student performance is proven fairly conclusively in the article, and it should be part of the strategy of all teachers. The argument and rhetoric surrounding summative v. formative assessment is ongoing, and this paper does add a measure of good argument and some empirical evidence to the debate. 4. Engaging Minds: Changing Teaching in Complex Times – Second Edition by Brent Davis, Dennis Sumara and Rebecca Luce-Kapler (2008) The writers test the issues surrounding inclusive... The changes required in teachers’ approaches, thoughts and beliefs will be considered in depth in this paper, and some consideration will be given to the practical measures required to address the needs of ESL students, and it will be presumed that the same requirements apply to students with diverse backgrounds and abilities. Also, the dangers of not addressing the individual learning needs of students, as a dominating factor in the system of education will be examined from the perspective of an education system in which diversity and inclusivity are addressed to some degree but in many Australian schools and classrooms, the situation is far from satisfactory. At secondary schools in Australia, the situation sometimes exists in which smaller schools find themselves challenged with primarily a lack of funding for anything other than mainstream schooling. Yet, schools do have to accept enrolments of international students, and indeed even refugee students, as the need arises. Thus, on the level of physical infrastructure, schools are strained to provide something as basic as venues to accommodate for example English Second Language (ESL) students, and such students have to be accommodated in one classroom despite differing levels of English proficiency, and even age differences. Social problems can emerge among students – as radical a condition as racism can develop – and if not addressed, these social problems can be extremely detrimental to students’ learning.

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

International Business - Essay Example al flaws of the gold standards during the world war one and policy responses by various economies that led to unpredictable international monetary contraction and deflation. In essence, the tying of countries’ money to gold is noted as directly responsible for the onset of the great depression, for example, Hubbard (1991) notes that countries which abandoned the gold standards earlier enough recovered from the great depression comparative to those that remained on gold. Hubbard, (1991) attributes the collapse of the gold standard to its mismanagement by global financial stakeholders during the interwar period most specifically, the 1920s and the 1930s. They establish that after the World War I, the redrawing of international boundaries limited free circulation of both real bills and consumer goods leading to the distortion of the gold standards. This led to the scuttling of the bill market and the ultimate government control of foreign trade in consumer goods favored due to political rather than economic interests thereby leading to a large scale collapse of the gold standards. According to Hubbard, (1991), the gold standard also collapsed as a result of sabotage by countries during the interwar period rather than the general belief that it collapsed due to its inner contradictions. Additionally, banking panics in the 1939s initiated by deflation which was imposed by the gold standard interfered with the normal flows of credit thereby negatively af fecting the performance of the real economy. Researches indicate that there have been repeated calls for policy considerations for a return to the gold standard due to the growing disillusionment with the presently favored politically controlled monetary policy. The case presented by proponents is that budget deficits and massive federal borrowings would be difficult to finance under the gold standard. They note that at present, the paper money system poses a number of problems hence various treasuries and

Abortion as an Ethical Issue Essay Example for Free

Abortion as an Ethical Issue Essay In our everyday lives, we have to deal with a variety of different ethical issues. We as individuals with our different thought processes deal and view with these issues in different ways. Abortion is one of the most controversial ethical issues within the health care profession. Abortion is a topic that can cause heated ethical discussions within the healthcare community. Abortion contains legal and ethical issue. Abortion mean ending a pregnancy before the fetus (unborn child) can live independently outside the mother. An induced or â€Å"therapeutic† abortion is caused deliberately in order to end the pregnancy. The practice of abortion is legal in the United States. Abortion law has many sources-constitutions, legislative statues, administrative regulations, and court decisions. The foundation of abortion law is the United States Constitution as interpreted by the Supreme Court (McBride, 2008). Constitutional law does not directly regulate abortion, but it sets limits on the powers of the states and the federal government to regulate abortion. The authority to regulate abortion has been reserved to the states by the Constitution because Article I, which covers the legislative branch. This does not give Congress explicit authority to regulate medical practice. Nonetheless, Congress does get involved in abortion policy through its power to spend money and regulate interstate commerce (McBride, 2008). The Court has established this constitutional law of abortion through a series of decision, called case law, especially Roe v. Wade, Doe v. Bolton, and Planned Parenthood v. Casey. States do not have constitutional authority to prohibit the medical practice of abortion before the fetus is viable; any laws that make abortion criminal before viability would be unconstitutional. After viability, that is, when an unborn child is able to live on its own outside the mother, state governments have the authority, but not the obligation, to prohibit abortion, except when medical judgment decides that abortion is necessary to save the life or health of the mother (McBride, 2008). This means that abortion is legal in the United States without condition before the fetus is viable. After viability, abortion is prohibited in some but not all states except when the health or life of the mother is in danger. Roe v. Wade gave strength to a woman’s right to privacy in the context of matters relating to he own body (Pozgar, 2008). This would include how a pregnancy would end. The Supreme Court also has recognized the interest of the states in protection potential life and has attempted to spell out the extent to which the states may regulate and even prohibit abortions. In Roe v. Wade, the United States Supreme Court held the Texas penal abortion law unconstitutional, stating this: â€Å"State criminal abortion statutes†¦that except from criminality only a lifesaving procedure on behalf of the mother, without regard to the stage of her pregnancy and other interests involved is violating the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment (Pozgar, 2008). With Doe v. Bolton, the Supreme Court went on to describe what regulatory measures a state lawfully may perform during the three stages of pregnancy. In the companion decisions, Doe v. Bolton, where the Court considered a constitutional attack on the Georgia abortion statute, further restrictions were placed on state regulation of the procedure. The provisions of the Georgia statute establishing residency requirements for women seeking abortions and requiring that the procedure be performed in a hospital accredited by The Joint Commission were declared constitutionally invalid (Pozgar, 2008). In the case law Planned Parenthood v. Casey the Supreme court affirmed Pennsylvania law restricting a woman’s right to abortion. The Court was one vote shy of overturning Roe v Wade. The Supreme Court ruling, as enunciated in Roe v. Wade reaffirmed: The constitutional right of women to have an abortion before viability of the fetus, as first enunciated in Roe v. Wade. The state’s power to restrict abortions after fetal viability so long as the law contains exceptions for pregnancies that endanger a woman’s life or health. The principle that the state has legitimate interests from the outset of the pregnancy in protecting the health of the woman and the life of the fetus. About three years ago, a difficult situation presented itself upon me. I was sitting in the doctor’s office six weeks after giving birth to my first-born. I was there to get my Mirena ® birth control. The doctor walks in and asks me if it could be possible that I was pregnant. I told her no I received birth control Depo-Provera ® right before being discharged from the hospital. The doctor then says well let me have my nurse do a blood test so that we can know for sure, and make sure it’s not just a chemical pregnancy. A couple of days passed and I return to the doctor’s office to receive my results. My doctor tells me what I had been dreading. I was pregnant again with our second child. I went home with my newborn and I cried until my husband came home from work. I cried because this news was much unexpected. We had carefully planned the timing for our first-born. We were in a perfect financial situation to be able to commit to one child. Two infants would really be pushing our financial limits. I was thinking how unfair this was. I had taken every precaution to ensure that I would not get pregnant, but I somehow ended up pregnant. When my husband came home that afternoon I was still crying, and I explained the whole situation to him. My husband was overjoyed at the news of having another child. I was confused by his emotions because I thought he would be feeling overwhelmed as I was. After I told my husband, I also told him that I was planning to get an abortion. He wanted to know the reasoning behind my decision. I told him that we were only financially equipped for one child, but two children would cause a financial burden. I refused to bring a child into this world knowing that I could not financially take care of that child. I know that people are quick to say why not give the child up for adoption. Anyone who can say that I know they have never experienced a pregnancy before. Could you imagine the emotional distress of having to give up a child that you have carried around and nurtured from almost ten months? You would also be giving your child up to a couple that you would probably only get to see after passing the baby along. Also, imagine the emotional aspects of the child. The child would be thinking about how their birth parents were able to give them away. My husband and I talked over the financial aspect over it, and decided with help from various family members that we could survive. We would just have to make sacrifices within our everyday lives. During my sonogram appointment when I was four months pregnant I received another dose of bad news. At first the doctor saw what he thought were cysts on the brain. The doctor then told me that I should terminate the pregnancy because of the difficult life the child was about to go through. I thought long and hard about what the doctor was saying. I felt like I had a strong support system that would help me get through any obstacle that life throws my way. Finally, the birth of my youngest takes place, and she was diagnosed with Lissencephaly. Lissencephaly is the condition of having a smooth cerebrum without convolutions(Merriam-Webster). Before we were discharged from the hospital, my husband and I were told to take her home, and treat her as if she is normal, and not to expect her to live past three months old. My daughter just had her third birthday May 5. This is why I have a deontology view on abortion. The deontology view is compatible to the abortion pro-choice decision. Utilitarianism really does not have a lot to say on this issue because there are too many other issues tied into the ethical issue. They would probably have arguments about if the fetus is a person or even if someone has the right to determine what goes on in their own body. They would also argue about if it were okay to kill a baby why not an adult. In my opinion, these are two different topics. We would assume through virtue ethics that killing a human adult is wrong. Don’t get me wrong killing an adult human is wrong because that is life that has already been birthed, and established. Abortion should be a choice that we are able to make on our own. This is my body I should be able to freely decide what to do with it. We are able to freely tattoo and pierce our bodies without any type of interference from the government. So why can I not make a decision to end a pregnancy that I carefully tried to avoid. I also feel that abortion when done early on in the pregnancy would not cause any harm to the fetus. According to pregnancy. rg a fetuses nervous system does not develop until after five weeks into the pregnancy. After that period the baby has already began to develop major organs and the nervous system. An egoist view on abortion would be based on one question. According to socyberty. com, an egoist would focus on what will be in her best interest. This would not mean the woman is selfish or self-centered. For example, maybe the women would be in a predicament where she would be a single mom. On the other hand, maybe she has not emotional of financial support to help er care for the child. In her case, her best interest would be to abort the child because it is in her best interest. Egoism states that everyone should act in her or her own self interest, regardless of the interest of others, unless their interest also serve as hers(http://socyberty. com/issues/abortion-an-ethical-analysis/). With the abortion this women can now complete her education. Others might argue that she could have just gotten a job, and still have been able to attend school. When making decisions you need to think of every possible scenario. What is there is a complication early in the pregnancy that requires complete bed rest or hospitalization. If this were to happen, where would her income come from? She would have to drop out of school. She would then have six months to get back into school or she would have to begin the repayment of her student loans. How can she do any of this without financial support? There are several ethical views on abortion. All the different views would explain why or why not to have an abortion. Abortion can be a controversial ethical topic. No one person will ever have the same stance on the topic. It is one of those topics when you just have to agree to disagree. You will just have to respect and listen to the opinions that others have on this ethical issue.

Impact of Market Environment on Lays Company

Impact of Market Environment on Lays Company The behavior of organization in their market environment and the significance of the global factors that shape national business activities Papia Hasan Popy Executive Summary This report is based on different types of business information and the issues and constraints within the organization. Name of organization: Lay’s Chapter 1: Introduction Lay’s is a name of a potato chips made from Canadian spuds. The owner of the company is Herman W. Lay. He first started producing potato chips in his machines then he finally shaped potato in chips with flavors. Lay’s was then first snack to be promoted on Television till 1944. Soon it became so popular snacks in all over Canada. And by 1977 Lay’s became the most preferable chip brands and dominating over the market. Due to its flavor and taste Lay’s many people love Lay’s. They basically manufacture and produce different flavors of potato chips and have able to create their brand value. Chapter 2: Background of the Study 2.1: Objective of the study 2.1.1: Broad objective The behaviour of organizations in their market environment. The significance of the global factors that shape national business activities. 2.1.2: Specific objective How market structure determine the pricing and output decision of business The way in which market forces shape organizational responses. How the business and cultural environments shape the behavior of an organization Significance of international trade. The impact of global factors on business organization. The impact of policies of the international trading communities on business organization. 2.2: Methodology 2.2.1: Area of study The current situation of Bangladesh. 2.2.2: Sources of data Website, Outlets, Books, Leaflet and Newsletter. 2.3: Limitations of study Communication gap. Intolerable traffic jam made dilemma. Network failure while working with net. Chapter 3: Analysis and Findings Task 8: (LO 3.1) Explain how market structures determine the pricing and output decision of the organization. Market structure: It depends on the number of buyers and suppliers in order to run a business. Types of market structure: Perfect competition Pure monopoly Monopolistic competition Oligopoly Perfect competition: In this competition there are many buyers and many sellers. The products are alike and entrance and exit is very easy. If the price is increased then consumer will move to another product if the price is extremely high as output depends on buyer’s demand. Lay’s is selling different flavors of potato chips and their competitors are Sun chips, Alooz and Pringles. Pure monopoly: Only one seller who dominate the whole market. They usually charge high price as there is no competitor and spend a lot on branding and R and D. But this is not applicable for Lay’s as there are many competitors are available in the market. Monopolistic competition: There are many sellers but market is dominated by few. Brand loyalty has a competitive advantage and firms are affected by Competitors. Lay’s product is varies in flavors but all products are potato chips and the price is reasonable. The output depends on the demand of the product. Oligopoly: There are many buyers but few sellers. Huge capital needed so entry and exit is very difficult and each seller controls a particular portion of the market. Price and output is affected by competitors. Lay’s does not follow this. Task 9: (LO 3.2) Illustrate (with example) the way in which market forces shape organizational responses. I have chosen Lay’s to describe the shape of market forces. Demand: Willingness to buy a product and depends on desire and affordability. It is affected due to price, income level, substitute product and competition. Elasticity of demand: How elastic the demand is. If price increases then demand decreases and vice-versa. If income level remains unchanged and price increases then demand decreases but if income level increases then demand is stable. Lay’s is an elastic product so they need to keep their price stable because substitute products like Alooz and Sun chips are available in the market and also they are the competitors of Lay’s. If the price of Lay’s increases then customers will switch to Alooz. Supply: The quantity of commodities for sale and depends on profit. It is affected by price of raw materials, technology, technique, labor cost etc. Elasticity of supply: If price increases then supply increases and vice-versa. Lay’s should not take the risk to increase their price. If price increases the sales may decreases as substitute products are available in the market. They should keep the price stable and provide steady supply of products or else they might lose customers and their sales. Task 10: (LO 3.3) Judge how the business and cultural environment shape the behaviour of the organization Business environment consists of factors that affect the business and its activities. There are few factors which affects business environment: Political Factors Legal Factors Economic Factors Social and Cultural Factors etc. But I will focus on cultural and social factors which include: Demographic and Population Household and Families Attitudes to work Religion Nationalism Attitudes to male and female roles Ethics etc. Demographic and Population: The population of Bangladesh is about 18 cores approximately so more labor is available for work and there is also an increase in demand for goods. Lay’s have better opportunity to do business here because of the large population which makes available of labors and buyers. Household and Families: Now a days there are huge number of joint families compared to single families. So buying behavior will be more for joint families. Attitudes to work: The working environment inside the factory of Lay’s is friendly and women are participating there in large numbers. Religion: Most of the people of Bangladesh are Muslims. So Lay’s should supply halal products. Nationalism: In Bangladesh nationalism is less as people are purchasing more imported product then their Country’s product. Attitudes to male and female roles: Now a days both men and women are working together in the same environment. Ethics Lay’s is doing business ethically. Political factors: decision taken by government about the public expenditure and taking taxes. This involves the political stability of a country which favors business. Sometimes government gives grant, subsidy and loans on low interest rates for the development of a business. They maintain the infrastructure of a country thus developing communication links. Enhancing skills of population: Now a days education and training courses are available to make population skilled in their desired field. This will increase the efficiency of labors which will favor business for Lay’s. Task 11: (LO 4.1) Discuss the significance of international trade to the organization International trade: Doing business beyond the boundaries of a country. International trade is important for expansion of business and increasing profit. To acquire resources and to reduce cost international trade is important. It creates an identity in other countries and also get tax advantage. Lay’s is doing international business. Global Business: Lay’s is also doing global business. They have production plants in different countries of the world. Now they want their production plant in Bangladesh. Multinational Company: Lay’s is having their operation across the globe Micro Multi-National Companies: Companies doing business through internet and Lay’s is not doing business through internet. Reasons behind increased growth of International Business Lay’s is a Canadian company doing business globally to get technological advancement, easy and quick communications, creation of trade agreements among countries and Bangladeshi government is more liberal to the companies who want to do business here. Bangladesh is now developing so Foreign Direct investment is very important for us. It creates employment opportunity, GDP growth and exchange of knowledge, technology, technique, culture etc. Lay’s is a foreign company so they are investing money in our country. FDI in Bangladesh FDI in Bangladesh has some opportunities and threats which include: The opportunities are huge markets, availability of labor at low cost, natural resources, low production cost, liberal government and citizens etc. So Lay’s can take advantages in Bangladesh. The threats are political instability of Bangladesh, lack of infrastructural facility, unavailability of some raw materials, lack of skilled human resources and efficient management etc. These factors must be observed by Lay’s before doing business in Bangladesh. Task 12: (LO 4.2) Analyse the impact of Global factors on the organization Import- Goods and service purchased from other country. Export Goods and service sold in other country. Free trade- Allowing people of a country to buy and sale their product as per their want. Exchange rate Price of one country currency in term of other country currency. Protectionism Establishing artificial barrier to discourage foreign trade in order to save the interest of local industry. Barriers to trade are three types. Natural Barriers Tariff barrier Non-tariff barrier Natural barrier- Natural things include distance, language, social system, legal system and culture and government has no control on this barrier. As Lay’s is a multinational company they need good infrastructure like proper distance route to supply their product and service to customer without it Lay’s will not be able to reach their products to customers which results in losing customers. Proper language should be used inside the organization and with the customer in order to maintain good relationship. If employee does not serve with proper language with customers and employee, they will fail to earn customer objective and organization objective too. Tariff barriers It is imposed by government which makes imported goods costly it affect Lay’s a lot because they are multinational company and they import huge amount of product from various countries. If the cost is high they would not able to bring the sufficient amount of products in Bangladesh and it will affect their position in their market place. Due to high cost less product is supplied to customers so tendency of using imported product is affected. It also reduces competition from foreign product. Non-tariff Barriers- It is imposed by government other than tax/duty/Levy. Quota A limit on quantity for certain goods that can be imported. If Lay’s do not import the quantity of product they need for customers demand they would not able to serve people which will have a great impact on. Embargo   Complete ban against importing from exporting to certain country. Lay’s cannot supply their product to those countries where embargo is given. Customer regulation –  Make the entry hand for foreign product. Dumping: Selling product at a very low price to out-perform competitor in order to capture new market. This is resist by Anti-Dumping law set by government to protect local industries. Task 13: (LO 4.3) Evaluate the impact of policies of international trading communities on the organization. International trading creates international links among countries which is good for business. International Trading Communities include SAARC, G8, BIMSTEC etc. If Bangladesh did not take part in the international trading communities it will affect Bangladesh and Lay’s will not be able to do business. There will be no free trade among the member of the countries. The tax duties will be high and the product price will be also high as a result there will be less demand and supply of international products, which will affect Lay’s. Protectionism will be greater. Exchange of raw materials will be less.so there will be less production of Lay’s which will create bad impact in the society. Exchange of culture and values will be hampered. It will mainly affect Bangladesh as they will lose their neighbour as well as their helping opportunity. Task 14: Give a decision whether business environment of Bangladesh is favourable for starting the operation/ manufacturing plant/ showroom/ branches of the organization or not. Give proper justification behind your decision. Do you have any recommendation regarding these issues? Lay’s can start their operations in Bangladesh because potatoes are produced in Bangladesh in large quantities. They can get labors at low cost and tax advantage as Bangladesh government is liberal to foreign investors. They can increase their sales and their brand name in Bangladesh and the political situation is stable now. I would like to suggest some recommendation to Lay’s before operating in Bangladesh. Chapter 4: Recommendation As many substitutes are available in the market so they must focus on quality. They must focus on price because Alooz is charging Tk 15 for each while Lay’s is charging Tk.30 for each mini pack. If they do not decrease their price they must provide superior quality product to create their brand image. They also must focus on their pacaging so that it looks attarctive so that customer get influenced. They must go for horse cart rally to make people aware about their product. They must offer some short term incentives to promote their product. Such as givng gifts for children. Chapter 5: Conclusion Lay’s is undoubtedly an established organization that emphasize on maintaining quality product and use endorsement in advertisement for their promotion. Although there are many difficulties, Lay’s has very good brand image and customer acceptance for best quality product. They are going for continuous survey for the development of their products and service. References 1. Lays. 1944. Lays ® Potato Chips | Simply Made. Simply Good. (TM). [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.lays.ca/#/simplygood/. [Accessed 15 March 14]. Bibliography: Diary writing Lecture given by Kashfiya mam

The Malignant American in Surfacing Essay -- Atwood Surfacing Essays

The Malignant American in Surfacing   Ã‚  Ã‚   Before traveling through Europe last summer, friends advised me to avoid being identified as an American.   Throughout Europe, the term American connotes arrogance and insensitivity to local culture.   In line with the foregoing stereotype, the unnamed narrator's use of the term American in Margaret Atwood's Surfacing is used to describe individuals of any nationality who are unempathetic and thus destructive.   The narrator, however, uses the word in the context of her guilt over her abortion and consequent emotional numbness.   The narrator's vituperative definition of American as an individual who is unempathetic and destructive is largely attributable to the narrator's projection of her own feelings of emotional dysfunction and guilt.    Consider an individual who is incapable of empathy.   Such a person has the potential to be enormously destructive to their surroundings.   Without the ability to identify with others, it becomes a matter of indifference whether others experience pain or joy.   The narrator rapidly begins to define an American as just such a psychopath.   As the narrator is fishing in a canoe, two Americans and a local guide pull up in their power boat proudly flying the Stars and Stripes fore and aft, rocking the canoe.   During the conversation in which one of the Americans is "friendly as a shark", the other American throws his cigar in the water and threatens to take his business elsewhere (66).   Of the Americans, the narrator comments, "if they don't get anything in fifteen minutes they'll blast off and scream around the lake in their souped-up boat, deafening the fish.   They're the kind that catch more than they can eat and they'd do it with dynamite if they c... ...st people I spoke to were cognisant of how dangerous it is to blindly apply stereotypes and labels.   In Margaret Atwood's Surfacing, the narrator freely applies the label American to those who are incapable of empathy and destructive.   Her use of the label, however, is to a large extent an expression of the emotional numbness and guilt she feels as a consequence of her abortion.   At the end of the novel, there is hope that the narrator may succeed in reuniting her head and body by reconciling with the events and emotions haunting her past.   Perhaps as the narrator heals herself, her conception of the term American will undergo its own healing process, allowing the word to shed the qualities of insensitivity and destructiveness which were in fact always the narrator's own. Works Cited Atwood, Margaret.   Surfacing.   Toronto: McClelland & Stewart Inc., 1972. The Malignant American in Surfacing Essay -- Atwood Surfacing Essays The Malignant American in Surfacing   Ã‚  Ã‚   Before traveling through Europe last summer, friends advised me to avoid being identified as an American.   Throughout Europe, the term American connotes arrogance and insensitivity to local culture.   In line with the foregoing stereotype, the unnamed narrator's use of the term American in Margaret Atwood's Surfacing is used to describe individuals of any nationality who are unempathetic and thus destructive.   The narrator, however, uses the word in the context of her guilt over her abortion and consequent emotional numbness.   The narrator's vituperative definition of American as an individual who is unempathetic and destructive is largely attributable to the narrator's projection of her own feelings of emotional dysfunction and guilt.    Consider an individual who is incapable of empathy.   Such a person has the potential to be enormously destructive to their surroundings.   Without the ability to identify with others, it becomes a matter of indifference whether others experience pain or joy.   The narrator rapidly begins to define an American as just such a psychopath.   As the narrator is fishing in a canoe, two Americans and a local guide pull up in their power boat proudly flying the Stars and Stripes fore and aft, rocking the canoe.   During the conversation in which one of the Americans is "friendly as a shark", the other American throws his cigar in the water and threatens to take his business elsewhere (66).   Of the Americans, the narrator comments, "if they don't get anything in fifteen minutes they'll blast off and scream around the lake in their souped-up boat, deafening the fish.   They're the kind that catch more than they can eat and they'd do it with dynamite if they c... ...st people I spoke to were cognisant of how dangerous it is to blindly apply stereotypes and labels.   In Margaret Atwood's Surfacing, the narrator freely applies the label American to those who are incapable of empathy and destructive.   Her use of the label, however, is to a large extent an expression of the emotional numbness and guilt she feels as a consequence of her abortion.   At the end of the novel, there is hope that the narrator may succeed in reuniting her head and body by reconciling with the events and emotions haunting her past.   Perhaps as the narrator heals herself, her conception of the term American will undergo its own healing process, allowing the word to shed the qualities of insensitivity and destructiveness which were in fact always the narrator's own. Works Cited Atwood, Margaret.   Surfacing.   Toronto: McClelland & Stewart Inc., 1972.

Love and Selfishness in Love in L.A. by Dagoberto Gilb Essay -- Love i

Love and Selfishness in  Love in L.A. by Dagoberto Gilb    "Love in L.A.," written by Dagoberto Gilb, is a story full of irony and multiple themes. The story is set in Hollywood during the summer time. Written in third person objective, "Love in L.A." guides the reader along through the story as opposed to an omniscient point of view.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story begins with Jake driving on the freeway. He is so enraptured by his daydream of better possibilities that he ends up smacking the car ahead of him. Jake considers driving away but instead he stops and finds out that the owner of the Toyota he hit was a beautiful girl. From there, Jake switches into his smooth talker role with Mariana. Jake then tries to con her by saying he doesn't have any insurance and assures her that he will pay for it. As he drives away, he sees Mariana behind him writing down the license plate numbers that he stole from another car.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The main characters in this story are Jake and Mariana. Jake is a stagnant and flat character. Throughout the story, he shows himself as a somewhat lazy and rather overly conceited kind of guy. When Gilb describes how Jake, "considered driving past the Toyota." and how, "he considered giving a real phone number but went against that idea and made one up," it gives the reader a sense of how sleazy Jake is. In the end, he has not changed but yet seems even worse and more like a con artist. Mariana is more of an enigma then Jake since the author does not go into great detail about her, there is little characterization to go on. Generally, Mariana is a stagnant character because she is a normal girl with the same suspicious tendencies as most other human beings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Love in L.A." contains many symbols ... ...d Russel Crowe, the couple get together and break up numerous times simply because of their mutual fear of intimacy and commitment. Another worthy example of this fear of engagement is the 1999 movie Love Stinks, starring French Stewart and Bill Bellamy. French Stewart's girlfriend demands that he marry her but he refuses to do so. This is obviously due to his definite fear of closeness and commitment. Another attribute of human nature, displayed in this story, is the tendency to be selfish. When people try to evade taxes, it is because they want all their money for themselves and thus are acting avaricious. Another example of this is when people do not donate to charity. This shows an abundance of stinginess as well as greed. Essentially, "Love in L.A." addresses two main inherent qualities of human beings, the want for love and the constant capacity to be selfish.

The Crucible – How does Miller effectively create a sense of tension and conflict between John and Elizabeth Proctor at the beginning of Act two?

Miller effectively creates a sense of tension and conflict between John and Elizabeth Proctor at the beginning of Act two. Act two follows directly on from a very highly charged and climatic note. At the end of act one Abigail and the girls accuse many people in Salem of being witches and a state of hysteria is reached. It is therefore a surprise that act two is not a court scene or trial, merely a domestic scene between John and Elizabeth Proctor. This variation is a good thing I believe as it helps to keep the reader interested and keeps the play from becoming monogamous. This is a very important scene. Miller I believe created this scene and the love interest between Abigail and John Proctor to make the ending of the play far more dramatic. If a significant rift is created between John and Elizabeth, then surely the ending will become more impressive, because as soon as they have conquered their problems and regained trust in each other following John's fight to free Elizabeth, John is hanged. This scene is also important to help us understand Elizabeth's dilemma in act three when Danforth asks her whether John had an affair with Abigail. John is unable to tell her what to say so Elizabeth has to decide for herself whether or not to tell the truth, she is unaware that John has confessed to the affair so denies it happened so as not to incriminate him. Act two helps us to understand that she most definitely did know about the affair and had not forgotten, so therefore is lying to protect John in act three despite their rocky relationship. The audience have already by act two heard only bad words about Elizabeth, so it is likely that they have come to the conclusion that she is not a very nice person. This is due to Abigail bad mouthing Elizabeth and saying that she is â€Å"†¦ a sickly wife† and a â€Å"†¦ cold snivelling woman†. Because we do not meet Elizabeth until later on in the play we only have the opportunity to form an opinion on Elizabeth's character from what Abigail says about her, which is unfortunately all malicious and derogatory. The language used by Miller in the crucible is archaic, rural American. Because the play is based upon events, which took place around 311 years ago, to make it seem realistic it is crucial that miller does use such language. An example of the language used, is when John says to Elizabeth, â€Å"Aye†¦ its warm as blood beneath the clods†, this is definitely not an expression we would use today. Although nowadays we may not understand the language used by Miller perfectly it is important for him to use it in order for the play to become genuine and believable. In his autobiography Timebends, Miller discusses the language he found in the court records. He said that he wanted â€Å"to study the actual words of the interrogations, a gnarled way of speaking† Miller also admitted to unintentionally, â€Å"elaborating a few grammatical forms himself, the double negatives especially†, although Act two is not a court scene I believe that Millers research into the language of the inhabitants of Salem in the 17th Century helped the play to achieve its sense of authenticity. It is important for Miller to create tension within the play to keep the audience interested; he uses this technique in Act two with great affect. The audience is already aware of the Proctors strained relationship following John's affair with Abigail, and Miller highlights the damage that has been done by the affair perfectly in this scene to create a excruciating sense of tension. At the start of Act two Miller using stage directions and has John on his return from the field taste the meal the Elizabeth has been preparing, he is displeased with it so seasons it. This appears at first perfectly normal and harmless to the audience, however when John hears Elizabeth coming downstairs he jumps away from the stove and proceeds to wash his hands. It becomes obvious to the audience at this point that their relationship is so strained that John racked with guilt about his affair with Abigail avoids doing anything at all which might aggravate or offend Elizabeth. This huge effort on John's behalf to not offend Elizabeth is blatant when he tells her that the rabbit is â€Å"well seasoned† Elizabeth gratefully accepts this praise replying that she â€Å"took great care†, this is an awkward scene because both are trying to be friendly to one another but it is easy to see they are uncomfortable in each others presence. It is ironic that John complimented her on the seasoning on the rabbit, since he seasoned it himself; this in particular highlights the conflict between them. At first glance the proctor household appears homely, welcoming and peaceful. John returns home to work and finds his supper ready, cooked for him by his wife who has just finished singing their children to sleep. However this is all very misleading, the conflict between the proctors is highlighted at the very start of act two with the use of monosyllabic sentences from Elizabeth in reply to Johns attempts at conversation. John, full of good intentions, begins to tell Elizabeth about the farm and tries to engage in conversation with her, however she meekly replies to his questions with short, abrupt sentences such as â€Å"That's well†, â€Å"Aye, it would† and â€Å"Aye, it is†. By manipulating the sentence structure Miller is able to show Elizabeth's reluctance to speak to her husband, and highlight the distance and awkwardness present between them. After complimenting Elizabeth on the meal John, talks about the farm and says with a grin â€Å"I mean to please you Elizabeth. And she answers, â€Å"I know it John. † However, before she answers, she pauses, and â€Å"finds it hard to say. † This means that she might not think he honestly wants to please her, or make their marriage work. Since this is quite a dramatic moment, I think that on stage at this moment the lighting should focus on Elizabeth, and if present the orchestra should be silent to emphasize her hesi tation. It becomes very clear in this scene that John is desperately trying to regain Elizabeth's trust. The fact that she is cold and distant towards him creates a great sense of strain and the conflict is plain to see. Miller is able to illustrate this conflict between them by using stage directions, he has John walk over to Elizabeth and kiss her, Elizabeth receives his affection with disappointment, she is still cold and unforgiving. Miller shows us that words are not necessary to convey feelings, the expressions of the actors and their body language is enough and can sometimes be more convincing in a subtle way. When I watched the film made about the play it struck me that in the scene between John and Elizabeth a table had been positioned between them, this acted as a physical barrier. This is actually of great significance and subtly shows the audience that there are obstacles that stand in the way of the proctors, keeping them apart, namely Abigail. Watching the film helped me to see that stage props can be used to great effect, and can often play a significant part in the enhancement of dramatic scenes such as this one. Gradually the tension between the Proctors escalates and soon they are arguing, this is bought about when Elizabeth says â€Å"You came so late I thought you'd gone to Salem this afternoon† to John. We know from the stage directions, which direct the actor's body language that John realises Elizabeth is implying that he went to see Abigail. Miller portrays the tension between them by using exceptionally short sentences that help to show the coldness and curtness that they show towards each other. In this act John and Elizabeth have several blazing arguments and between each argument there is a lull, it becomes apparent that all the personal disagreements and grudges within the town are coming to a head. Like in a crucible, which is a melting pot everything is being brought to the surface and is breaking down, society is collapsing within the town and amongst the town's people. Because Miller builds up several arguments between John and Elizabeth, he prevents this scene from becoming boring and keeps the sense of tension between John and Elizabeth very much alive. Whenever the audience begin to believe that the Proctors have resolved their problems another argument breaks out, this stopping and starting prevents the audience becoming frustrated with the constant squabbling and makes sure the sense of tension and conflict is maintained. The series of smaller outbursts between them then conclude into a huge argument in which Elizabeth says to John † She (Abigail) has an arrow in you yet, John Proctor, and you know it†, this is true, despite the fact that Abigail is in Salem and far away from the Proctors she is still causing arguments between them and is driving a wedge between them. Elizabeth knows that John is still physically attracted to Abigail and that she has a hold on him. She creates a strong sense of conflict because John hates Elizabeth's accusations and resents her for continuing to bring up the past when he simply wants to be forgiven and allowed to have a fresh start and be a good husband to her. It is excruciating to watch this scene between the Proctors and see jealousy, suspicion and mistrust tearing them apart however the tension and conflict created is so strong that the audience feels compelled to watch on. When Hale interrupts the Proctors argument and invades their privacy the sense of conflict between the Proctors eases and the tone of the play and atmosphere changes. John and Elizabeth realise that they must work together to eradicate any suspicions or accusations of them being witches, this causes great tension because it is very hard for them to join forces and act as though nothing between them had happened. Following a huge argument they must help each other and keep up appearances. This is a very subtle and clever way of creating tension. Throughout Act two in the crucible Miller creates a sense of conflict and tension between the Proctors using a number of different methods. Doing this I believe is a brilliant way of keeping the audience interested and making the ending of the book more dramatic. Not only however does this in particular scene help to ensure that the audience wish to watch on, but it also ensures that they understand key events in the play, such as Elizabeth's denial of Johns affair. In act two the audience discover that Elizabeth does know about Johns affair so therefore can work out the later on in the play Elizabeth says that John did not have an affair to protect him, not because she simply did not know. I think that were it not for this scene then the whole of the story would be a lot more complicated and harder to understand. So in conclusion although the tension and sense of conflict that Miller creates between the Proctors make Act two an interesting scene, it also affects the rest of the play and the audiences understanding of events to come as a whole.